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71.
MA Yuexin SUN Feixue ZHANG Congyao BAO Pengyun CAO Shuqing ZHANG Meiyan 《青岛海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,(6):1061-1066
A marine bacterium,Pseudoalteromonas sp.BC228 was supplemented to feed in a feeding experiment aiming to determine its ability of enhancing the digestive enzyme activity and immune response of juvenile Apostichopusjaponicus.Sea cucumber individuals were fed with the diets containing 0 （control）,105,107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 for 45 days.Results showed that intestinal trypsin and lipase activities were significantly enhanced by 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 in comparison with control （P〈0.01）.The phagocytic activity in the coelomocytes of sea cucumber fed the diet supplemented with 107 CFUg-1 diet of BC228 was significantly higher than that of those fed control diet （P〈0.05）.In addition,105 and 107 CFUg-1 diet of BC228 significantly enhanced lysozyme and phenoloxidase activities in the coelomic fluid of sea cucumber,respectively,in comparison with other diets （P 〈 0.01）.Sea cucumbers,10 each diet,were challenged with Vibrio splendidus NB 13 after 45 days of feeding.It was found that the cumulative incidence and mortality of sea cucumber fed with BC228 containing diets were lower than those of animals fed control diet.Our findings evidenced that BC228 supplemented in diets improved the digestive enzyme activity of juvenile sea cucumber,stimulated its immune response and enhanced its resistance to the infection of V.splendidus. 相似文献
72.
采用组织学方法,初步研究了仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)生殖腺的发生及早期分化的过程。结果表明,仿刺参的生殖腺位于背肠系膜处,在体长为0.1 cm的稚参中出现含有约10个原生殖细胞的原始生殖腺;体长0.5cm的稚参,原始生殖腺的中央腔明显,生殖腺初具雏形;体长3 cm的幼参中,生殖腺出现二分枝并且生殖腺上皮出现分层结构,内层为排列较松散的生殖细胞,外层为排列紧密的个体较小的上皮样细胞,此时仿刺参生殖腺的基本结构已经具备;幼参体长4 cm时,生殖腺的部分管壁内层细胞向内发生褶皱,形成以生殖细胞为主的嵴状突起,随着发育的进行,生殖腺管腔内侧的嵴状突起更加密集。 相似文献
73.
In nature, Apostichopus japonicus exhibits a behavioral characteristic of emerging at night and sheltering during the day. Hence, it was commonly believed that longer and darker light conditions are better for a population of A. japonicus. In aquaculture situations therefore, animals have commonly been cultured without lighting, especially during juvenile-hatching culture. However, how the length of darkness each day affects A. japonicus and what the mechanism is of behavioral response of A. japonicus to different photoperiods remain unclear, and are specifically addressed in this study. We applied nine photoperiod treatments (light:dark (LD) cycles at 0:24, 3:21, 6:18, 9:15, 12:12, 15:9, 18:6, 21:3, and 24:0 under 500 lx) to 60 individuals (29.73 ± 0.23 g) per treatment (with 3 replicates). The environmental conditions were set as: water temperature = 16.9 ± 0.3°C, dissolved oxygen>6.0 mg/L, ammonia<0.3 mg/L, pH = 7.8-8.2, and salinity = 30-32. Under experimental conditions of continuous darkness as well as continuous light, cyclic nocturnal activity patterns of A. japonicus (viz. the animals emerged and fed at night and sheltered during the day) were observed. However, they spent more and less time, respectively, moving and feeding under continuous darkness and continuous light, than those under a natural light cycle. Under photoperiods with 6-12 h of light, the animals showed one sheltering behavior transition and two emerging behavior transitions. These behavior transitions appeared to be governed by some internal physiological factors and induced by daily light variation. The behavior of the animals was significantly affected by different photoperiods, and the distribution rate (DR) of the animals emerging at "daytime" increased with lengthening "light time" (except for the LD 3:21 cycle). We also found that there was no significant difference in mean DR per day under LD cycles of 6:18, 9:15, 15:9, and 12:12. Mean DRs per day were significantly lower for these photoperiods, than for those under LD cycles of 0:24 and 3:21, and significantly higher than for those under LD cycles of 18:6, 21:3 and 24:0. These results imply that 6-15 h light per day were the similar photoperiods to natural sunlight. From the viewpoint of activity and feeding behaviors, these might be the optimal photoperiods for rearing A. japonicus. 相似文献
74.
Seasonal variation in proximate,amino acid and fatty acid composition of the body wall of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus was evaluated.The proximate composition,except for ash content,changed significantly among seasons(P,0.05).Alanine,glycine,glutamic acid and asparagic acid were the most abundant amino acids.Total amino acid and essential amino acid contents both varied clearly with seasons(P,0.05).16:0 and 16:1n7 were the primary saturated fatty acid(SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) respect... 相似文献
75.
提要 通过采集东营和蓬莱地区采用生物絮团技术的刺参(Apostichopus japonicas)苗种培育池(DYt和PLt)及其对照池(DYc和PLc)海水样品,构建细菌16S rDNA 克隆文库,对其中细菌群落的多样性和群落组成结构进行了分析。结果表明,四个文库Coverage值在34.7%～54.8%之间,文库丰富度指数(Chao)66.2～314.1,shannon多样性指数从3.01～4.07变动,Pielou均匀度指数0.68～0.85,样品的细菌群落均具有很高的多样性,蓬莱刺参苗种培育池细菌多样性均高于东营;生物絮团文库中细菌包括拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、变形细菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)等八个菌门和未知类群,黄杆菌群(Flavobacteria)、α-变形菌群(Alphaproteobacteria)芽孢杆菌纲(Bacilli)为主要优势菌群;DYt和PLt处理组文库细菌多样性减少并出现特征菌群,生物絮团调控技术改变了刺参苗种培育环境的微生物群落结构。生物絮团的细菌群落结构研究,为揭示生物絮团的作用机制并进一步有效利用提供研究基础和依据。 相似文献
76.
氨氮急性胁迫对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponensis)死亡率、耗氧率及窒息点的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用静水停食法,在水温(24.0±0.2)°C、p H(7.61±0.04)条件下开展了氨氮对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponensis)[体长(4.29±0.32)cm,体质量(1.80±0.12)g]的急性毒性实验,并以此为基础测定了不同氨氮质量浓度胁迫下日本沼虾的耗氧率与窒息点。结果表明:(1)氨氮对日本沼虾24h、48h、72h、96h的半致死质量浓度依次为7.922、6.034、4.237和3.371mg/L;(2)鳃是氨氮攻毒日本沼虾的重要靶器官,氨氮对日本沼虾耗氧率的影响具毒物兴奋效应,0.225mg/L为该效应达到峰值的氨氮质量浓度,0.337mg/L为该效应被终止的氨氮质量浓度临界阈;(3)在对日本沼虾耗氧率的影响具毒物兴奋效应的氨氮质量浓度范围内,日本沼虾的窒息点随氨氮质量浓度的梯次升高渐次呈稳定、略增、再稳定之态势,氨氮质量浓度0.112mg/L为致该虾窒息点发生显著改变的临界阈,该实验组窒息点含氧量与对照组无差异(P0.05)。 相似文献
77.
以初始体质量为(2.74±0.17)g 的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)为研究对象, 在室内养殖池进行60 d饲喂实验, 研究饲料中添加乳酸菌制剂和乳酸菌代谢产物对刺参肠道菌群、部分免疫指标及生长的影响。在基础饲料中分别添加乳酸菌制剂和乳酸菌代谢产物各2 mL/m3(按饲养水体折算), 配制2 种实验饲料。实验结果显示: 与对照组比, 饲料中添加乳酸菌与乳酸菌代谢产物均显著降低了刺参肠道弧菌数及大肠杆菌数(P＜0.05); 饲料中添加乳酸菌及其代谢产物能使刺参肠道酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活力显著升高, 溶菌酶活性有所提升, 其中乳酸菌制剂实验组与代谢产物实验组免疫酶活力差异不显著;两实验组刺参的特定生长率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。上述结果表明, 乳酸菌制剂与乳酸菌代谢产物对刺参的肠道菌群平衡、免疫力及生长均具有良好的促进作用, 且两者之间差异不显著。 相似文献
78.
以酶学分析法研究了温度和pH对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)肠道不同部位(前肠、中肠、后肠)4种消化酶活性的影响,并比较了其活性分布.结果表明,各消化酶随温度和pH均呈峰值变化:前肠、中肠和后肠蛋白酶均有2个活性范围,最适pH分别为3、9,脂肪酶活性的最适pH分别为3.5、4.0、4.0,褐藻酸酶活性的最适pH分别为4.0、4.5、4.5,果胶酶活性的最适pH分别为3.5、3.5、4.0;蛋白酶活性的最适温度均为45℃,脂肪酶活性的最适温度均为35℃,褐藻酸酶活性的最适温度分别为45℃、35℃、35℃,果胶酶活性的最适温度则分别为55℃、55℃、45℃;在各自最适温度和pH下,蛋白酶活性表现为后肠＞前肠＞中肠,脂肪酶活性表现为后肠＞中肠＞前肠,而前肠褐藻酸酶活性显著高于中肠、后肠(P＜0.05),果胶酶活性在肠道各部分相差不显著. 相似文献
79.
The aquaculture of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea) has grown rapidly during recent years and has become an important sector of the marine industry in Northern China. However, with the rapid growth of the industry and the use of non-standard culture techniques, epidemic diseases of A. japonicus now pose increasing problems to the industry. To screen the genes with stress response to bacterial infection in sea cucumber at a genome wide level, we constructed a cDNA library from A. japonicus Selenka (Aspidochirotida: Stichopodidae) after infecting them with Vibrio sp. for 48 h. Total RNA was extracted from the intestine, mesentery and coelomocyte of infected sea cucumber using Trizol and mRNA was isolated by Oligotex mRNA Kits. The ligated cDNAs were transformed into DH5α, and a library of 3.24×105 clones (3.24×105 cfu mL-1) was obtained with the sizes of inserted fragments ranging from 0.8 to 2.5 kb. Sequencing the cDNA clones resulted in a total of 1106 ESTs that passed the quality control. BlastX and BlastN searches have identified 168 (31.5%) ESTs sharing significant homology with known sequences in NCBI protein or nucleotide databases. Among a panel of 25 putative immunity-related genes, serum lectin isoform, complement component 3, complement component 3-like genes were further studied by real-time PCR and they all increased more than 5 fold in response to Vibrio sp. challenge. Our library provides a valuable molecular tool for future study of invertebrate immunity against bacterial infection and our gene expression data indicates the importance of the immune system in the evolution and development of sea cucumber. 相似文献
80.
Growth, metabolism and physiological response of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus Selenka during periods of inactivity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The growth, metabolism and physiological response of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, were investigated during periods of inactivity. The body weight, oxygen consumption rate (OCR), activities of acidic phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and content of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in the body wall and coelomic fluid of A. japonicus were measured during starvation, experimental aestivation and aestivation. The results showed that the body weight of sea cucumber in the three treatments decreased significantly during the experimental period (P < 0.05). The OCR of sea cucumber reduced in starvation and experimental aestivation treatments, but increased gradually in natural aestivation treatment. The activities of ACP and AKP of sea cucumber decreased gradually in all treatments, whereas those of SOD and CAT as well as Hsp70 content decreased in the starvation and experimental aestivation treatments and increased in natural aestivation treatment. The sea cucumber entered a state of aestivation at 24℃. To some extent, the animals in experimental aestivation were different from those in natural aestivation in metabolism and physiological response. These findings suggested that the aestivation mechanism of A. japonicus is complex and may not be attributed to the elevated temperature only. 相似文献